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what happens when a city banning cars from streets?

当城市禁车后将是一个怎样的景象？

for the last 100 years, the car has come to dominate the urban landscape. streets have been widened in many cities to accommodate automobiles, and huge amounts of space are given over to parking them.?

在过去的100年里，汽车逐渐主宰了城市的景观。许多城市拓宽了街道，以容纳更多的汽车，并腾出了大量空间以供汽车停放。

private vehicles have revolutionised mobility, but they have also introduced many ills, from air pollution to traffic accidents. and today a small but growing number of cities are trying to design the car out of the urban landscape altogether.

私家车彻底改变了人们的出行方式，但同时也带来了从空气污染到交通事故的许多问题。如今，为数不多（但越来越多）的城市正试着将汽车从城市景观中剔除。

both oslo in norway and the spanish capital madrid have made headlines in recent years for their plans to ban cars from their centres – although neither have entirely got rid of them yet.

近年来，挪威奥斯陆和西班牙首都马德里都因禁止汽车驶入市中心而登上了新闻头条，尽管这两个城市都还没有完全将汽车拒之门外。

“our main objective is to give the streets back to people,” says hanna marcussen, oslo’s vice mayor for urban development. “it is about how we want to use our streets and what the streets should be for. for us, the street should be where you meet people, eat at outdoor restaurants, where kids play, and where art is exhibited.”?

奥斯陆负责城市发展的副市长汉纳·马尔库森说：“我们的主要目标是把街道还给人们。这事关我们想要如何使用街道，以及街道应该变成什么样。对我们来说，街道应该是你和他人碰面、在户外餐厅吃饭、孩子们玩耍以及展示艺术的地方。”

to do this, oslo has closed off certain streets in the centre to cars entirely. they have also?removed almost all parking spots and replaced them with cycling lanes, benches and miniature parks.

为了实现这一目标，奥斯陆已经完全禁止汽车驶入市中心的某些街道。他们还撤掉了几乎所有的停车位，取而代之的是自行车道、长椅和小型公园。

a city without cars sounds like a nice idea but is it possible – or even desirable? what about emergency services? or people who have mobility problems? and what about?sprawling?suburbs; is the notion of going car free only relevant to young professionals who wish to live in compact city centres?

一个没有汽车的城市听起来是个不错的点子，但这可能实现吗？——或者说人们真的愿意吗？急救服务怎么办？那些行动不便的人怎么办？那么不断扩张的郊区是否该禁车呢？还是说只有那些生活在紧凑的城市中心的年轻专业人士才支持“无车出行”的概念？

“the quickest way to make a city centre die is to stop people getting in there,” says hugh bladen of the association for british drivers. britain’s declining high streets won’t be helped by restrictions on driving, he argues, “otherwise town centres just get full of druggies and drunks”. he acknowledges that “some towns and cities get?clogged up?but that’s just be

cause of poor planning; they should have better parking options”.

英国司机协会的休·布莱登说：“让市中心没落最快的方式就是阻止人们进入市中心。”他认为，限制车辆并不能挽救英国日渐衰落的商业街，“否则市中心只会聚集一些吸毒者和酒鬼。”他认为，“一些城镇之所以经常堵车，只是因为规划不当，他们应该更好地解决停车问题。”

ransford acheampong, an urban planning researcher at the university of manchester, says that removing cars would be helpful to reduce pollution and could improve public health, but if you take cars away from people, you need to be able to provide an?alternative. even in europe, which has relatively good public transport, many people’s commutes and lifestyles just wouldn’t be possible without a private car.

曼彻斯特大学的城市规划研究员兰斯福德·阿奇安朋表示，限车有助于减少污染，并且可能有益于公众健康，但如果你不让人们开车，就应该提供另一种选择。即便在公共交通相对发达的欧洲，许多人的通勤和生活方式也离不开汽车。

this is the concept of the last mile, which is the connection between public transport and the final part of a person’s journey. until public transport can make this gap smaller, people will still want to drive cars.

这就不得不提到“最后一英里”的概念，它指的是公共交通网络和旅程终点之间的距离。除非公共交通能够缩小这一段路的距离，否则人们还是愿意开车。

(全文共434个词，黑体单词为考研重难点词汇)

重难点词汇：

sprawl?[spr??l] v. 蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展

clog up?堵塞

alternative?[??l?t??rn?t?v] adj. 供选择的；交替的????