【英一】2010年考研英语阅读真题及解析【第一篇】(英一2010真题)

passage1注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。????????of all the changes that have taken place in english-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching(far-reaching影响深远的,深远意义的) has been the inexorable(不可阻止的，难以阻挡的) decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
????????it is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. to read such books today is to marvel (感到惊奇，大为赞叹)at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
????????we are even farther removed from the unfocused(没有集中力的，这里是指报纸的内容东拉西扯) newspaper reviews published in england between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of world war ii, at a time when newsprint(新闻用纸) was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism(stylish arts criticism时髦的文艺评论) was considered an ornament(装饰品，点缀品) to the publications in which it appeared. in those far-off(遥远的) days, it was taken for granted that(it was taken for granted that被视为理所当然) the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. theirs was a serious business(business这个熟词多意前面多次提到了，要么指商业，要么指产业，要么指事业，要么指行业。这里是指事业，是指前面提及的评论家们所从事的是一个严肃的事业), and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly(wore their learning lightly喜欢卖弄学问), like george bernard shaw and ernest newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.(知道自己在做什么， 这一点足以让人信任)?these men believed in journalism as a calling(强烈愿望，行业，职业(取这个意思)), and were proud to be published in the daily press.[这里是指他们的文章能够在报纸上刊登出来感到很自豪]. “so few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism(sb have sth enough to keep their own end up in sth
某人有足够的某物可以在某方面功成名就),” newman wrote, “that i am tempted to(be tempted to 借tempt的贬意来戏谑，表示忍不住做某事，受到诱惑或者自发不觉的做某事)?define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term术语?of contempt轻蔑?applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”
????????unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. neville cardus, who wrote for the manchester guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. during his lifetime, though, he was also one of england’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his autobiography (1947) became a best-seller(这里指畅销书). he was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.(save to除了…以外)
????????is there any chance that cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? the prospect seems remote. journalistic tastes(这个词在达尔文那篇文章好像出现过吧，表示品味) had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered(装上软垫的,经过布置的(/?p?h??lst?d/)) vicwardian prose(散文，白话文) in which he specialized. moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong(轻率地，猛然地(这里取这个意思)) retreat.
一、文章结构分析?本文是一篇现象解释型文章，是探讨美国艺术、文化评论和新闻报道没落的现象的文章。
文章结构分为三部分、
第一、二段是第一部分，主要是提出现象：在过去的报纸中有很多高质量的文艺评论，而如今的读者会对这一事实感到惊讶；
第三段为第二部分，介绍二战前夕报纸的情况；
第四、五段为第三部分，转而介绍了报纸中评论的衰落。
二、核心词汇与超纲词汇21. it is indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
[a] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers
[b] english-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews
[c] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers
[d] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies
21. 文章第一、二段指出 。
[a] 艺术批评已经从大城市的报纸中消失
[b] 英语报纸过去常载有更多的艺术评论
[c] 高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者
[d] 年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适

22. newspaper reviews in england before world war ii were characterized by .
[a] free themes
[b] casual style
[c] elaborate layout
[d] radical viewpoints
22. 二战前英国新闻报纸的特点是 。
[a] 主题自由
[b] 风格随意
[c] 布局精心
[d] 观点激进

23. which of the following would shaw and newman most probably agree on?
[a] it is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
[b] it is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
[c] writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
[d] not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
23. 纽曼最有可能同意下面哪种观点？
[a] 实现新闻业的目标是作家的职责。
[b] 作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。
[c] 作家容易被新闻业吸引。
[d] 并不是所有的作家都能承担新闻写作。

24. what can be learned about cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
[a] his music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
[b] his reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.
[c] his style caters largely to modern specialists.
[d] his writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
24. 从最后两段，有关卡达斯我们得知什么？
[a] 他的音乐评论也许不能吸引当今的读者。
[b] 作为一位音乐评论家，他的名誉一直有争议。
[c]?他的风格符合现在的专家。
[d] 他的作品跟不上业余爱好者的品味。

25. what would be the best title for the text?
[a] newspapers of the good old days
[b] the lost horizon in newspapers
[c] mournful decline of journalism
[d] prominent critics in memory
25. 以下哪一项是本文的最好的题目是？
[a] 报纸行业过去的黄金岁月
[b] 报纸行业的消失的视野
[c] 令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落
[d] 记忆中的杰出的评论家
三、阅读答案：b a d a b四、全文翻译：?????????过去的 25 年，在英文报纸发生的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的变化就是这些报纸文艺报道的范围在缩小，严肃性在减弱，势头不可阻挡。
????????我怀疑，年龄在 40 岁以下的普通读者无法想象那样一个能够在大部分的大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论的时代。然而有大量在20 世纪出版的具有最重要意义的评论作品在报纸评论中占据了很大部分。如今去读这种书籍会使人们对这样一种事实感到大为惊讶，那就是这些书籍广博的内容曾经被人们认为很适合在面对大众发行的日报上刊登。
????????我们离 20 世纪初期和二战前夕期间在英国发表的东拉西扯的报纸评论甚至更远，当时，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且时髦的文艺评论

被认为是一种对刊登这种内容的出版物的装饰。在那些遥远的年代，主流报纸的评论家们会把报道的事件详细充分地记录下来，这被视为理所当然。这些评论家们所从事的是严肃的事业。甚至是那些喜欢卖弄学问的评论家们(像萧伯纳和欧内斯特·纽曼)也知道自己在做什么， 这一点足以让人信任。这些男人把新闻业认为是一个职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上刊登出来感到很自豪。“能拥有足够的思想或足够的文学天赋可以使他们在新闻业上成就自己的事业的作者是如此之少”， 纽曼写道，“以致于我禁不住把‘新闻业’定义成被某些作家所使用的一个耻辱的术语。对真正的作家而言，他们根本就没有学问”。
???????????不幸的是，这些评论家们都被人们忘记了。从 1917 年开始一直到 1975 年死前不久还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的内维尔·卡达斯，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。然而，在他的一生中，他也是英国最重要的古典音乐评论家之一。他也是一位被广为赞赏的文体家，其 1947 年的《自传》是一本畅销书。他于 1967 年被授予爵士称号，也是第一位被授予这个头衔的音乐评论家。然而，他出的书中如今只有一本还在版。并且，他关于音乐方面的大量作品都不为人知，除了专业人士以外。
????????????卡达斯的评论还有可能享有在他死后重新流行吗？前景似乎渺茫。 在他去世以前很久，新闻业的品味就已经改变了。并且后现代的读者们很少阅读他所擅长的经过华丽修饰的文章。而且，音乐评论中的业余传统就一直在迅猛地衰退。